The Battle of Britain Essay Example for Free

The Battle of Britain Essay ‘Never the Master, Always the Servant. ’ How Accurate is this Statement in Regard to Wolsey’s Conduct of Foreign Policy 1513-29? â€Å"Had I yet served God as tirelessly as I have served the King, he would not have given me over in my silver hairs. † Cardinal Wolsey c. 1472-1530 Here Wolsey himself purported his compliance to Henry VIII, however antiquarians of the earlier century and a half asserted that somewhere in the range of 1513 and 1529 international strategy was administered completely by Wolsey, some recommending that Henry gave just cursory endorsement to his announcements. Present day students of history debate this, the king’s goals and choices being of central significance. The issue stays agitated in any case, with respect to the degree of Wolsey’s impact and control. Peers contended that Wolsey was strong ruler, â€Å"Alter Rex† during especially the mid 1520s, his palatial home overshadowing Henry’s in political significance. Wolsey was plainly crafty; he won Henry’s favor by intelligently promising him to appreciate relaxation exercises and leave the ordinary politicking to him †misusing the errors of his antecedents. Cavendish announces, â€Å"Thus the almoner decided every one of those that controlled before him†. Nonetheless, Wolseys edginess to pick up Henry’s regard is proof simply of the requirement for Henry’s endorsement †as Wolsey obviously valued. Henry interceded less in legislative issues before 1529 than he did thereafter, however as Peter Gwyn perceives; this was distinctly because of his genuine fulfillment and perception of Wolseys dedication. From 1512 Wolsey ascended the political stepping stool quickly; using the chance of the French intrusion to surpass Henry’s desires and intrigue the lord with prizes in Tournai and Therouanne. By mid 1514 Wolsey was getting all the king’s significant business undertakings, and abusing Henry’s requirement for a definitive boss hireling completely Wolsey truly utilized his influence to pick up himself various workplaces †Dean of Lincoln, Bishop of Tournai, Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of York. Despite the fact that Warham despite everything held the most senior church office, as Archbishop of Canterbury, Wolsey had won himself Lord Chancellorship by 1518, making him leader of the legitimate framework. Anyway Wolseys command was resultant from Henry’s energy about his abilities, when of the arrangement of St. Germaine-en-Laye with France in 1514 Randell perceives Henry’s clear lack of engagement with routine discretion, â€Å"He was as yet quick to win wonder, yet was content for another person to orchestrate it for him. † His associations with the Papal specialists achieved doubt that he had attached England to Roman international strategy, for example, Pollard’s implication that Wolsey considered his obligation to his otherworldly ace over that over the ruler †In 1518 he was selected ‘Legatus a latere’, a position he was ensured for life in 1524. Scarisbrick anyway ruins Papal faithfulness, recognizing Wolseys negligence for Papal guidance as every now and again as it was clung to. Despite the fact that England and the papacy had regular interests, it was simply fortuitous for the Pope’s wishes to be followed, and the ruler himself had a similar mentality to Wolsey towards the pope. Henry needed to become ‘Defender of the Faith’ and did as such, in 1521, and there is progressively confirmation that it was he who urged Wolsey to seek after the workplace of Pope than the other way around. As Palmer affirms, â€Å"Wolsey was no pretty much a worker of the Papacy than Henry himself. † Wosley required the situation of ‘Prince of the Church’ (increased 1515) in light of the fact that he had not won such endorsement from the Papcy as he had from his illustrious ace. He didn't wish to equal Henry’s authority by turning out to be ‘Prince of the State’ in light of the fact that he was guaranteed of Henry’s support. In spite of the fact that Wolsey gloated about being â€Å"author of the peace† at the Treaty of London in 1518, and in spite of proof for him defining his own strategies by 1517; as Gwyn protects †he was winning wonder for his lord. Scarisbrick perceives Wolseys want to become referee of Europe, however his reliance upon Henry is evident. As Randell perceives, Wolsey frequently concealed things from Henry and considered manners by which he could place things to him so as to incite an ideal reaction, to drive contenders away and pull off more than he formally should. Vergil even recommended that Wolsey paid off Henry with blessings to occupy him while he was setting expectations and to increase further support. Every one of these endeavors, be that as it may, simply accentuate Wolseys reliance upon the lord and his franticness to keep up his help. Randell recommends that Wolsey settled on free choices †frequently paltry yet now and again significant ones, however Henry could and in some cases intervened. Wolsey consistently expected to give off an impression of being actualizing Henry’s choices regardless of whether it was not in every case carefully the case. Skelton and Palsgrave, writers of articles in the House of Lords December 1929 assaulted Wolseys presumption and mismanagement during parliament and with respect to issues of international strategy, charging he presented himself overabundance authority and improperly avoided different councilors from going to court, yet proof recommends that they were seeking after a heartless crusade to get him excused. Despite the fact that, as Guy calls attention to, up until 1927 â€Å"more than the subtleties were left to Wolsey† Henry was by and by comprehensively capable all through all issues of international strategy. Wolsey may have sorted out a great part of the minor subtleties, for example, the fundamental vehicle courses of action and food supplies during attacks, yet it was under Henry’s heading and order. The ruler would teach Wolsey and give subtleties of the undertaking, which Wolsey certainly satisfied outstandingly and frequently made fitting corrections to Henry’s more extensive plans. Henry’s certain strength was clear all through various issues. In 1518 Henry upheld the Holy Roman Emperor in spite of Wolseys disproval and endeavors to convince him oppositely. Scarisbrick recognizes belittling among Henry and Wolsey all through the occasions of 1520 and 1521; the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520 was incredibly costly and Wolsey debilitated Henry from spending such immense measures of cash on what he foreseen to be a political disaster, yet the occasion proceeded without any costs saved †paying little mind to Wolseys guidance. In 1521 Wolsey needed harmony as opposed to Henry’s want for fighting, however Wolsey was made to travel around Europe; haggling with Charles in Bruges that England and Spain should partner against France, and afterward coming back to Calais. His encouragement being that war would be postponed until 1522 †yet Henry’s initiative is clear, the assault was still propelled and Wolsey left dismissed again. As Gwyn acknowledges, Wolsey understood the significance of carrying honor to his lord through ruling undertakings †which his ideal lack of bias would not bring. Wolsey deluded France against his own desires to safeguard Henry’s significant worldwide job. In 1525 the Battle of Pavia saw the catch of King Francis and the reinforcing of Henrys want to become Imperial Ruler. Wolsey was then unfit to go about as an Imperial Arbitrator, Henry VIII needed an Imperial Alliance and Wolsey had to endeavor the Amicable Grant for Henry to attack France, yet this was unthinkable and in August the Treaty of the More was marked after the French war. The inversion was very humiliating for Wolsey, who experienced embarrassment and debate to satisfy Henry VIII, in the end increasing a yearly annuity of 100000 gold crowns. Student of history Dana Scott Campbell comprehends Wolsey as being spurred to step the way important to guarantee individual progression and force in England. By fulfilling Henry VIII with universal wonder and glory his help was guaranteed; despite the fact that his capacity was upgraded by the Papal specialists, Roman impact was restricted †his personal circumstance, over all else, constrained him to satisfy Henry basically and the Pope if conceivable. He acted with greater cheerful readiness for Henry, and with more assurance, joining the Anti-Imperial League of Cognac in 1526 and announcing war two years after the fact. The Treaty of Cambrai in 1529 was a urgent endeavor by Wolsey to hold Henry’s prejudice, and was marked by the pioneers of England, France and the Holy Roman Empire. Wolsey experienced embarrassment and encroachment of his own wants so as to satisfy his King, both in the issues which he may have appear to control and in those which were clearly of Henry’s structure. Regardless of whether because of self-importance and untamed aspiration or only a craving to fulfill the King †Wolsey routinely meant to satisfy him in all parts of international strategy. Grossel acknowledges Wolseys want to serve the ruler; feelings in Wolseys vanity are currently obsolete as Wolsey unmistakably needed to keep up the respect and impact of his own situation through that of his lord. Henry’s supreme strength is prove by the difficulty of Wolsey continuing regard as European Arbitrator on account of Henry’s combativeness (just as the bad form of the European Kings). His autonomous choices happened just when allowed, or incidentally obscure, by Henry. Wolseys position was made sure about generally in view of Henry’s fulfillment with his lead †had it not been so (as in later years) Wolsey would have been quickly excused. Nonetheless, Randell perceives that the proof for both supporting and reproving Wolseys unwaveringness is as letters composed uniquely to delude the beneficiaries, different informal exchange and dishonest outsiders †every last bit of it temperamental.

Characteristics Of The Nation State And Transnational Entities

Attributes Of The Nation State And Transnational Entities The country is a culture bunch dwelling inside the region of the political state. A gathering of individuals are viewed as a country if (1) they are perpetual inhabitants of a characterized region, (2) they display some type of government, (3) they have a typical culture, and (4) they proclaim themselves to be, and are considered by others to be, sovereign. At the point when a gathering turns into a country, more seasoned loyalties to family or clan must be subjected to the new political request, and a typical writing, history, and a feeling of a typical future create (Walter, 2004). States are autonomous political unit that guarantee restrictive purview over characterized domains and over the entirety of the individuals and exercises inside them. The administrations are not constantly ready to practice this locale totally, however states can energize or even power examples of human exercises to accommodate the political guide. (Rubinstein, Service, Science, , 2002) The nonstop development in size and unpredictability of social orders drove individuals to look for political association first in quite a while dependent on connection, later in clans that were assortments of factions, lastly in city-states. Around the fifteenth century, city-states bit by bit started to develop as country states. A country state is a particular type of state, which exists to give a sovereign domain to a specific country, and gets its authenticity from that work. In the perfect model of the country express, the populace comprises of the country and just of the country: the state houses it, yet secures it and its national character. The country state didn't generally exist, and the greater part of the current country states are situated on an area that once had a place with another, non-national, state. They appeared in any event somewhat because of political crusades by patriots. The foundation of a country state can be viewed as the focal interest of any patriot de velopment. Japan is viewed as a country as it has characterized domains, government and the inhabitants share a typical culture. In addition Japan generally observed for instance of a country state and furthermore the biggest of the country states, with populace more than 120 million. It ought to be noticed that Japan has few minorities, for example, Ryã… Â «kyã… Â « people groups, Koreans, and Chinese, and on the northern island of Hokkaidã… Â , the indigenous Ainu minority. Be that as it may, they are either numerically inconsequential (Ainu), their distinction isn't as articulated (however Ryukyuan culture is firmly identified with Japanese culture). Japan is likewise observed as a state because of the restricted position forces of the Emperor he is viewed as a formal nonentity, he is characterized by the constitution as the image of the state and of the solidarity of the individuals. Force is held mainly by the Prime Minister of Japan and other chosen individuals from the Diet, while power is vested in the Japanese individuals (National Diet of Japan, 2007) The Emperor adequately goes about as the head of state on strategic events. Akihito is the present Emperor of Japan. Naruhito, Crown Prince of Japan, remains as next in line to the seat. Country state in Japan express its very own common character populace, it has national images, over every one of the a national banner and a national song of devotion, regularly a wide scope of national insignias. Actually it advances the Japanese national personality in pretty much every zone of human social and social life, from the national library to the national aircraft. Furthermore it endeavor to make and keep up national solidarity, and at any rate an insignificant inside consistency. Country states have a social strategy and a language arrangement for this reason, and the instructive framework is regularly subjected to this objective. The craving for consistency had positive monetary impacts, since country states by and large attempt to decrease inside incongruities in salary and provincial GDP. Most have a territorial approach for that reason. How the United States fits the standards of and works as an advanced country state The United States acts a cutting edge country state as it is a sovereign domain as it incorporates a gathering of individuals who need to have their own administration; besides Territories are land regions under the purview of a sovereign state, Sovereignty implies position to control, Territories are components of states and we realize that the US of America have 50 expresses, the United states keep up fringes and partition their region for legislative purposes. The normal qualities shared between Americans since the United States was established in the eighteenth century, Americans have characterized themselves not by their racial, strict, and ethnic personality however by their basic qualities and faith in singular opportunity (Friedman, 2008). Objectives of American Foreign Policy The objectives of U.S. international strategy can be said to incorporate the accompanying: First, the focal objective is to ensure the countries physical security. This is an essential objective of each country international strategy, yet the United States has been more fruitful in it than most. Indeed, since the War of 1812, no remote armed forces have involved the mainland United States. Interestingly, the countries of mainland Europe were overwhelmed twice in the twentieth century and more than once in the nineteenth century. Anyway the danger of psychological oppression may change the condition of our security. A subsequent objective is to ensure the physical security of the chief partners of the United States. For example, since World War II, the United States has conceded to secure the countries of Western Europe through NATO), just as to ensure countries on different landmasses: Japan, South Korea, and Israel. European Union as a transnational element: A. Talk about the significant occasions which lead to the foundation of the European Union. From the thoughts of building up sovereign state portrayed by an association league and the relationship of sovereign part states confederation the primary advancement in Europe was on supranational establishment which is the technique for dynamic in global political networks, wherein power is moved or assigned to an authority by administrations of part expresses, this was completed to make war inconceivable and substantially unthinkable (Fontaine, Europejskie, 2003), the most significant occasions which lead to the foundation of the European Union were the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1952, which was incorporated six countries acted like a worldwide association serving to bind together Western Europe during the Cold War and make the establishment for the cutting edge improvements of the European Union. The ECSC was the primary association to be founded on the standards of supranationalism, later The Treaties of Rome were marked on 25 March 1957, b y The Six nations, Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and West Germany. The primary Treaty built up the European Economic Community (EEC) and the subsequent Treaty set up the European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC or Euratom). They were the primary universal associations to be founded on supranationalism, after the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) set up a couple of years earlier. Later two new networks were made independently from ECSC, The officials of the new networks were called Commissions, instead of the High Authority. The EEC would build up a traditions joining among individuals and Euratom would incorporate parts in atomic vitality. In 1973 the European Union began to observe extension to incorporate new part states. This procedure started with the Inner Six, who established the European Coal and Steel Community (the EUs forerunner) in 1952. In 1992 Maastricht Treaty was marked on February seventh which set up the European Union when it happened on 1 November 1993 got successful; from that point forward, the EUs enrollment has developed to twenty-seven with the latest extension to Bulgaria and Romania in 2007. B. Significant foundations and countries which shapes the European Union. The European Union is made out of 27 sovereign Member States: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. C. The contemporary capacity of the European Union. The capacity of the European Union (EU) is to empower nearer relations between the part states. This is so as to take advantage of the aggregate capacities of the part states, for instance organized commerce, opportunity of development, opportunity of occupation decision. It empowers a great deal of the beaucracy that used to be associated with those issues to be by passed. The EU was additionally framed as an offset to the situation of the United States as the main worldwide super force. The E.U doesn't have a place with explicit nation, every part state has a state in the running of the EU. The EU was shaped essentially out of requirement for dependability in Europe after the Second World War, and was a result of right off the bat monetary understandings, which despite everything structure the primary premise of todays EU. E. Portray two instances of international strategy destinations for the European Union. The principal target of the EU is to utilize a definitive strategy to be a key player in universal issues running from a dangerous atmospheric devation to the contention in the Middle East. The reason for the EUs normal remote and security arrangement (CFSP) stays delicate force: the utilization of strategy sponsored where fundamental in terms of professional career, help and peacekeepers to determine clashes and realize global comprehension. The subsequent goal is to have governments in control, outside and security arrangement is one region where fundamental position stays with EU governments, despite the fact that the European Commission and, to a lesser degree the European Parliament, are related with the procedure. Key choices are taken by consistent vote. Break down how country states and transnational elements lock in

Understanding Income Statements

Understanding Income Statements If you are part of the business world, you need to be aware of some of the financial statements companies are required to produce. If you’ve heard people talk about profits and losses, the chances are they are talking about an income statement. For people who haven’t gone through accounting school, these statements can be all Greek.But understanding income statements is vital for anyone who’s involved with the business world â€" whether you are an aspiring business journalist, a small business owner or an investor. © Shutterstock.com | Achmad Fahmi RosyadThis guide is going to explain 1) the basics of an income statement, 2) help you understand the terminology used in these statements and 3) provide you with tips for analysing income statements.WHAT IS AN INCOME STATEMENT?An income statement is an essential part of a company’s financial records. The official definition says an income statement is:A financial document generated monthly and/or annually that reports the earnings of a company by stating all relevant revenues (or gross income) and expenses in order to calculate net income. Also referred to as a profit and loss statement.In essence, the income statement looks at the financial performance of an entity over a specific period in time. It provides the entity a summary of the revenue and expenses by looking at operating and non-operating activities.In most instances, an income statement looks at the net profit or loss of the entity over a fiscal year, but in certain instances, this cou ld also be a quarter or even a month.In crude terms, an income statement is divided into two sections:The income coming into the entityThe expenses going out of the entityThe two sections are then combined to show whether the entity is making a profit or a loss.Who gets and uses an income statement?Publicly traded companies must provide income statements, as well as balance sheets and cash flow statements. For these companies, the income statements must be publicly available for the general public at any given time. In addition, other companies and entities also create income statements, although they are not necessarily publicly published.The basics of the income statement remain same from business to business, but there are differences within the sectors depending on the industry and the type of business in question.In essence, any entity that makes money will use an income statement. But business’ income statements are also essential for investors, as they provide financial inf ormation on the business and can therefore influence investor decisions.Why are income statements essential?While income statements are often required by law for accounting purposes, they do also provide plenty of essential information for businesses. Therefore, an income statement shouldn’t just be considered as unavoidable, but also as an important part of improving the business’ finances.Income statements are important for any entity because they:Provide vital financial information â€" you can quickly establish how well the business is doing in financial terms and whether it is profitable. Furthermore, as mentioned above, the information is not only vital for the business entity, but also for investors.Shows trends in the business’ finances â€" business entities can collect their income statements over a long period and by comparing them, learn a lot about the business and any possible trends behind the business’ finances. This can help the business to improve profits and grow the business.A TYPICAL INCOME STATEMENT FORMATIn order to make the most of the income statement, whether as investor or business owner, it is important to understand the income statement format. The good news is income statement formats are relatively generic, although there might be slight differences between countries as well as the sectors the business operates in. You can find out more about the differences between countries later on in the guide.In general, an income statement is divided into two parts: the operating and the non-operating sections. Both of these sections will look at the revenue and expenses of the business, with:The operating section focusing on the revenue and expenses associated with the business’ normal, everyday activities. For instance, the costs associated with making of the goods the company sells are part of the expenses in the operating section.The non-operating section informs of any revenue and expenses that are outside of this normal, every day activity. For example, the business might at some point sell some of its investments, which is considered as an occasional income.In terms of formatting, it is possible to have the income statement produced either in:Single-step format, orMulti-step format.The multi-step format is often the most professional option, mainly because it clearly states the different profitability measures of the business, which are not included in the single-step format.These four profitability measures found in the multi-step format include:Gross income,Operating income,Pre-tax income, andNet income (after tax).This differentiation is not available in the single-step format, although it can naturally be calculated with the data provided by the income statement. The single-step format will show profitability in terms of:Pre-tax income, andNet income.The formats are often chosen depending on the size of the business. For example, a small business with very clear revenue and expense streams can manage with a single-step format. On the other hand, a larger company, with different revenue and expense streams, might want to consider a more detail approach to the income statement.Terminology used in income statementsIn order to understand income statements, you need to understand some of the common terminology used in the statements. The following might not be present depending on whether the format is a multi-purpose or a single-format, but they can be found in most income statementsThe first part of the terminology focuses on the revenue aspect of the income statement. The revenue is often the first thing announced at the top of the income statement. The following are the key revenue-related terms.Net salesThis refers to the entity’s sales or revenue and highlights the company’s sales of goods and services during the fiscal period.The part is often a good indicator of the company’s profitability, as most businesses won’t be able to grow faster than their revenues. For inve stors, it is important to also keep an eye on this part.The next section of the income statement typically looks at the expenses of the business. It is good to remember income statements don’t differentiate expenses and revenue with a minus sign. Therefore, understanding the meaning of the terms is vital in order to understand whether the business is making or losing money.The following are the key expenses-related terms of the income statement.Cost of salesThis section highlights the costs of goods or products sold, as well as the cost of services provided by the entity. Cost of sales generally also includes the depreciation expenses.For manufacturing businesses, the cost of sales is often related mostly on the creation of the goods. It is the combination of the expenses relating to raw materials, labour and manufacturing.Wholesalers and retailers also focus on the cost of purchasing and reselling the goods or products. On the other hand, for service-related businesses, the secti on looks at the cost of creating and providing the service to customers. This is often especially focused on labour costs, for example.The cost of sales can be divided into more detailed sections. For example, the business could list the cost of labour separately to the cost of business premises.Selling, General and Administrative expenses (SGA)The SGA section of the income statement comprises the operational expenses of the business. It shows the managerial efficiency of the business.This part of the statement is often the most looked at, as financial analysts believe businesses are the most able to control it. If businesses want to decrease their spending, then this is often considered the easiest part of cutting costs.Interest expenseIf the business has borrowed money, the interest expense section deals with any interest payments the company might have. Generally, businesses record a net figure here for interest expenses as well as the interest-related income businesses might rec eive from investing in funds.Income taxesThe income tax announced in the income statement doesn’t necessarily refer to the actual paid tax. It is rather an estimation of the income tax for the period and shows what the company is likely going to have to pay.Special Items or extraordinary expensesThere might be a variety of occasional expenses businesses might need to pay. These could be restructuring charges or unusual and non-recurring items.These one-off events need to be carefully considered when looking at the business income. It is important to understand that they could potentially distort evaluations, as the one-off events might not actually mean the business is making a regular loss, for example.Finally, the bottom of the income statement looks at the profits or losses of the company. This part of the statement will be calculated based on the information above and depending on the format of the statement, it can include single income figures or different profitability indi cators.The following are the key profit or loss-related terms of the income statement.Gross incomeGross income is often referred to also as gross profit or gross margin. Simply put, the figure represents what you get when you calculate the difference between net sales and the cost of sales.Gross income is the amount of money the entity has available for paying off other expenses the company might have. Therefore, the bigger the gross margin, the higher the net income is likely to be.Operating incomeOperating income is achieved by deducting the SGA from the gross income. Operating income is the income, the entity has been able to generate before any non-operating expenses and costs are deducted or added. None of the occasional income or expenses is included in the operating income.The operating income is often a crucial figure for investors, as it tells a more reliable picture of the company’s earnings than the net income, for example.Pre-tax incomePre-tax income is another crucial indicator of the company’s health for both the business owners as well as the investors. The section is rather self-explanatory, as it refers to the income the company makes before taxes are deducted.The figure is crucial because companies have different methods and techniques at their disposal to minimise their tax burden. Therefore, this figure can be a better indicator of the company’s real profit capability.Net incomeFinally, perhaps the most crucial aspect of the income statement is the bottom line or the net income section. This is the section where all operational and non-operational revenue and expenses are calculated. If the company’s revenues are bigger than expenses, the entity naturally makes a net profit. If the expenses are higher than the revenue, the company is making a net loss.Comprehensive incomeIn addition to the above, the multi-step format can also talk about comprehensive income. This term is relatively new and many income statements don’t include thi s concept.Comprehensive income first entered income statement formats in the 1998 in the US. It’s the most useful for international companies and other such large-scale businesses.It takes into account the effect of items such as foreign currency translation adjustments, as well as minimum pension liability adjustments and unrealised gains/losses on certain investments the company might have in debt and equity.Things such as market volatility and other such economic events often influence the above items and are outside of the management team’s control. Therefore, many investors don’t think the comprehensive income tells much about the company’s actual profitability.Differences in standard formatsTo make the above format and terminology seem more familiar, below are examples of both styles.A single-step income statementRevenue1,250,000Net salesInterest revenuesGain on sale of investments1,000,000150,000100,000Expenses535,000Cost of salesSelling, general and administrative ex pensesInterest expenseExtraordinary expenses250,000125,000110,00050,000Pretax income715,000Income tax expenses215,000Net Income500,000A multi-step income statementNet sales1,000,000Cost of sales250,000Gross income750,000Selling, general and administrative expenses125,000Operating income625,000Other income250,000Extraordinary expenses50,000Interest expense110,000Pretax income715,000Income tax expenses215,000Net income500,000Differences between countriesThe above examples, as many of the terms mentioned above, refer to the standard model for income statements used in the US. The US model is commonly used elsewhere in the world, but there can be slight differences between countries.Countries have been trying to standardise these accounting formats in recent years and the good news is the basic structure is easily identifiable across countries.Often the differences between different countries are only in terminology. For example, the British income statement refers to ‘turnover’ ins tead of ‘revenue’. Furthermore, instead of saying ‘Net income’, the statement might refer to ‘Profit after taxation for the year’.ANALYSING AN INCOME STATEMENT The above terminology and examples should give you a basic understanding of the income statements. But there are certain other things you need to keep in mind when you are looking at and analysing an income statement.Here are some of the key things to keep in mind when you are trying to make out what the income statement is saying.Understanding the numbersAs mentioned above, the income statement will reveal some key financial information for you about the company’s performance. It is vital all the numbers on the income statement are correct. If you’re the business owner, you need to go over the numbers to ensure they are correct. As an investor, you might not have the resources to recheck the numbers, but make some basic calculations and estimations to ensure the data is correct.You need to identify the key pr ofitability indicators that matter to you the most and analyse them. Gross margin, for example, is the first indicator of whether the business product or service is profitable. On the other hand, the operating profit will reveal how efficiently the business is managed and whether it should consider cutting operating expenses.   Finally, the net income might be the most important figure for an investor. It provides the final verdict on the profitability of the firm.In addition, you should also look at the development of the figures in the income statement over a certain period. As an investor, you want to know how well the company has managed to increase its sales over the years and to grow its net profit. On the other hand, as a business owner, you must be able to see whether your business is growing and if certain expense cuts have proved a success or a failure.Comparing it with othersWhether you are an investor or a business owner, it is important to compare the business’ income statement with other similar organisations. This can reveal a lot about how well the business entity is doing against other companies in the sector and reveal which areas of your business might require special attention.Small- and medium-sized businesses might have trouble accessing income statements for other similar companies, as the statements are only required to be public for publicly traded companies. But certain firms sell financial statement studies, which can reveal a lot of crucial information, and big accounting firms might also have some data available.Make sure you don’t just compare the actual amounts, but also the percentage of how specific revenues and expenses relate to each other. For example, it is important to see how much similar companies in the industry are spending on SGA as a percentage of revenue.The importance of accounting methodsThe accounting methods the business uses can have a big impact on the income statement. Companies can, for example, have dif ferent methods of determining revenue. Some businesses use the cash method of accounting, which only accounts for income when the cash is received. On the other hand, there are businesses that consider all billed cash as income, whether or not the cash is received at the time of creating the income statement.Furthermore, similar accounting differences can also appear in the expenses section. Expenses such as depreciation and the way the company accounts for these can have an impact on the company’s annual expenses.When you are looking at an income statement, you need to identify the areas where companies might have used discretion. Depending on whether the company uses aggressive or conservative accounting methods, the income statement might look different.

Rebels in Medieval Times Essay - 1713 Words

In present times there are laws about religion being separate from government. In medieval and renaissance times things were not the same. Religion played a big part in everyday life and also in huge government decisions. At the start of these religiously ruled times the only source of religious guidance was the Roman Catholic Church. Therefore the Roman Catholic Church was the leading power of the medieval times. There were some in the common crowd who decided that the Roman Catholic Church was wrong for wanting all the power and started fighting back. The names of a few of these people are Martin Luther, Nicolaus Copernicus, and Galileo Galilei. They were some of the famous theologists and scientist of their times and because of their†¦show more content†¦Using the Edict of Worms the church states, in defense against Luther, â€Å"We have declared and hereby forever declare by this edict that the said Martin Luther is to be considered an estranged member, rotten and cut o ff from the body of our Holy Mother Church. He is an obstinate, schismatic heretic, and we want him considered as such.† This is the turning point for Luther, when he is fully acknowledged by the church. This means that the church recognizes the threat that Luther is, and the first step to stopping or â€Å"fixing† a problem is to recognize what the problem is then you are able to focus in on it and end it. The church has also called him a heretic, and in truth he is a heretic. The definition of a heretic is someone who goes against a belief or a set of beliefs. In Martin Luther’s 95 Theses he shared some of his beliefs and why he thought differently that the church. Some of his main theses that he listed were first, â€Å"Therefore the preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope’s indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved.† In this single sentence Martin Luther was telling the whole church that he completely disagreed with one of the main points of the church. At that time the church was using most of the funds raised by the indulgences were used to pay for the building new chapels and churchShow MoreRelatedThe Black Death1203 Words   |  5 PagesWhat were the short term and long term impacts of the Black Death on Medieval society? The Black Death is one of the most fatal diseases in human history and took its peak in Europe from 1348 to 1350. Half of Europe’s population was wiped out due to this disease and the short and long term impacts greatly affected the structure of Medieval Society. The Black Death or otherwise known as the plague was thought to have begun in Central Asia, which spread down the Silk Road and eventually to EuropeRead MoreThe Black Death Of India And The Peasant s Revolt1688 Words   |  7 PagesRevolt in England, during the medieval period lasting from the 5th century to the 15th century (500-1500s). Throughout the report, information will include significant individuals involved or affected by the event, a significant occurrence during each event, and finally the interconnections that can be established between the Peasant’s Revolt and Black Death. The Black Death The Black Death is said to be the worst catastrophe ever recorded throughout the medieval period. It was a slow and grimRead MoreThe Structure Of Medieval Society949 Words   |  4 PagesMedieval Society had a monarchy system where the city is and the church is separated and there were also a clear cut lines between the class of Nobles, Knights, Damsel and Peasants as well. (Terry Jones Videos Williams Notes). In reality, life during the medieval times were more than just simple farm life for the peasants while lords administer laws from kings (William Notes). Their society was corrupted, dishonest and mad, people seek for more power (Terry Jones; Kings, Knights), every man wasRead MoreEssay about Medieval India and China1198 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: Medieval India and China Paper Medieval India and China Paper Mike Colson University of Phoenix Global Civilizations 1400-1700 HIS 276 Mark Olick Medieval India and China In the following paper I will discuss the key differences in medieval India and China. I will compare and contrast each society’s social, cultural, political, and religious climates. In addition, explaining the civilizations economic environment during medieval times. Finally, I will describe howRead MoreFriedrich Engels : An Historical Materialist Approach Essay1156 Words   |  5 Pagesthe evolution of human insight, but rather the economic conditions of the era in question. Engels also emphasizes that classifies social hierarchy and overall structure as dictated by the distribution of the means of distribution and exchange. In medieval society, the modes of production were chiefly controlled by the peasantry and craftspeople; small units based around individuals that produced enough goods for the survival of their families, along with small amounts of surplus that could be tradedRead MoreThe Most Important Aspect Of Knighthood During The Middle Age1391 Words   |  6 PagesChivalry refers to the lifestyle and moral code following by medieval knights they pledged their loyalty and services to their lord. The term feudalism is used to describe a variety of social, economic, and political obligations and relationships. The Greatest Warrior knight was Godfrey and if asked anyone who was the greatest warrior at the time they would say Godfrey. Chivalry refers to the lifestyle and moral code following by medieval knights they pledged their loyalty and services to their lordRead MoreThe Role of Women in English Literature: From Beowulf up to the Late Eighteenth Century963 Words   |  4 Pagesexpectations of the time. Exceptions were Rebecca in Sir Walter Scotts Ivanhoe who epitomized an intelligent and courageous woman and Grendalls mother in Beowulf who tried to attack the trolls. Judith too was a retelling of the story found in the Latin Bibles Book of Judith of the beheader of the Assyrian general Holofernes and also demonstrated a hardy, perspicuous woman. Whilst She Stoops to Conquer, also describes Kate an intelligent and self-determined heroine. Women in the late medieval and middleRead MoreThe Hundred Years War And Feudal Society1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hundred Years’ War and Feudal Society Why did the feudal order of Medieval society fall apart? The feudal order of the Middle Ages was a system of local rule, where powerful lords gave land and protection in exchange for loyalty and military service from lesser lords. Tradition dictated that this exchange would be held in place by the feudal contract, consisting of multiple pledges. This resulted in small communities consisting of one powerful lord, peasants, and serfs who worked for the lordRead Morehow did black death transformed Europe898 Words   |  4 Pagesdidn’t have to worry that they would be short of serfs, because of the increasing population. But when the Black Death hit Europe, everything changed. The situation in which peasants are subordinates of lords no longer existed. Lords of farms had a hard time finding enough hands to produce goods, so they were forced by the serfs to raise salaries in order to attract more workers. â€Å"The humble turned up their noses at employment, and could scarcely be persuaded to serve the eminent unless for triple wagesRead MoreFrankenstein, By Mary Shelly1192 Words   |  5 Pages The genres include; the medieval past, the mystical the supernatural, the gothic and the exotic. In romantic literature, the character usually rebels and longs for freedom. Frankenstein is an example of Romantic Literature because it carries the characteristics such as: the characters rebelling, the characters are lonely and the plot of the story is gothic. Firstly, the characters in the story think with their hearts and start to rebel. For instance, the monster rebels against Dr. Frankenstein;

Financial Crisis Across The World Since Currency Essay

There has been a financial crisis across the world since currency came about. It started with the barter system which allowed people to trade goods and services, but this sometimes proved to be more difficult than beneficial. Then around 600 B.C., coins and currency came about. Since then currency went from being precious metals to paper money. With the development of currency, came international trade. â€Å"Banks and the ruling classes started buying currencies from other nations and created the first currency market. The stability of a particular monarchy or government affected the value of the country s currency and the ability for that country to trade on an increasingly international market. The competition between countries often led to currency wars, where competing countries would try to affect the value of the competitor s currency by driving it up and making the enemy s goods too expensive, by driving it down and reducing the enemy s buying power (and ability to pay for a war), or by eliminating the currency completely† (Beattie, 2007). Money gets its value by being a medium of exchange, a unit of measurement and a storehouse for wealth. Money allows people to trade goods and services indirectly and understand the price of goods. We can see the evidence of financial crisis throughout time with the â€Å"credit crisis of 2007-2008† and the â€Å"Russian Crisis of 1998† and its global impact. Although Russia was experiencing economic growth in 1997 â€Å"†¦the country’s fixedShow MoreRelatedFinancial Crisis Across The World Since Currency Essay2225 Words   |  9 Pagesbeen financial crisis across the world since currency came about. It started with the barter system which allowed people to trade goods and services but this sometimes proved to be more difficult than beneficial. Then around 600 B.C., coins and currency came about. Since then currency went from being precious metals to paper money. With the development of currency, came international trade. â€Å"Banks and the ruling classes started buying currencies from other nations and created the first currency marketRead MoreFinancial Globalization And The Financial Crisis1274 Words   |  6 Pages The term financial globalization can be defined as the integration of various financial markets of countries across the world. In other terms, it means the mobility of finance across various countries without encountering any barrier. Therefore, financial liberation is not sufficient enough parameter for globalization. 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One thing though is certain: the earlierRead MoreThe European Debt Crisis : A Financial Phenomenon That Affected Multiple Countries Around The World1633 Words   |  7 PagesThe European debt crisis was a financial phenomenon that affected multiple countries around the world and the shockwave almost collapse the global market. One of the countries that were greatly impacted by the crisis was Spain. Some of the implications of the event caused unemployment to skyrocket, debating the role of the European Union and the state Catalonia is seeking their independence. Ultimately, the Euro Crisis showed the weakness of the European Union and debate if it would last into theRead MoreThe Global Economic Crisis Of The Middle Of 2007 And Europe From 2007-20091459 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The finÐ °nÃ' iÐ °l crisis of 2007/2008 was not Ð ° Ã' Ã °sÐ µ of markets failing. InstÐ µÃ °d, it shows how markets ultimately rÐ µÃ' tify their internal shÐ ¾rtÃ' Ã ¾mings. The global economic crisis started in the middle of 2007 and lasted about five years. The crisis was triggered by the bursting of a housing bubble (Mishel, Bivens, Gould, Shierholz, 2012). It was characterized by massive withdrawal of investors from markets as a result of reduced confidence, volatile world stock markets and reduced liquidityRead MoreFinancial Deregulation and Capital Control1283 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Financial deregulation and capital control The financial markets for a long time were regulated following the aftershocks of the global recession which affected several economies across the globe. It was until the 1980s that the federal government passed the Deregulation and Monetary Act which was aimed at providing deregulation for the financial institutions. 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After this crisis many of the roots causes were observed like speculation, fragility of the system, greed of the managers which adversely affected the market. The global financial crisis of 2008 is a major ongoing financial crisis, the worst of its kind since the Great Depression (The Great Depression originated in the United StatesRead Moreâ€Å"the Rapid Expansion of International Financial Market Since Early 1980s Have Integrated the World Economy†. Discuss.1243 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The rapid expansion of international financial market since early 1980s have integrated the world economy†. Discuss. The international financial system is a structure of markets within which organizations and individuals trade to support economic commitments made across national borders where buyers and sellers participate in the trade of assets such as equities, bonds, currencies and derivatives. Financial markets are typically defined by having transparent pricing, basic regulations on tradingRead Moreâ€Å"the Rapid Expansion of International Financial Market Since Early 1980s Have Integrated the World Economy†. Discuss.1252 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The rapid expansion of international financial market since early 1980s have integrated the world economy†. Discuss. The international financial system is a structure of markets within which organizations and individuals trade to support economic commitments made across national borders where buyers and sellers participate in the trade of assets such as equities, bonds, currencies and derivatives. Financial markets are typically defined by having transparent pricing, basic regulations on trading

English Life Free Essays

The and Adventures of Native Americans In the story The Morning the Sun Went Down, Darryl Babe Wilson discusses his personal Journey as a 20th century as an Indian living within and without the dominant American society. The documentary film Even the Rain by Iciar Bollain is about the issue of oppression in the world county and the history of global economics. However, the movie overlaps with not only the production of what is being filmed in the movie, but also as the struggle that the Bolivian people had with the government and water. We will write a custom essay sample on English Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The people are being overcharged for their water, even the rain water was not permitted to be obtained. Noam Chomsky, author of â€Å"The Zapatista Uprising Profit Over People,† states how the signing of the NAFTA resulted in a big problem for the indigenous people in Mexico. The Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas, Mexico and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the United States and Mexico were eliminated, including labor and environmental services. The film A Century of Genocide in Americas: The Residential School Experience is about how Native American children were taken from their parents, ere forcedly sexually abused and were sent to residential schools in Canada and the United States because of their race. Each of these authors suffered In The Morning the Sun Went Down, author Darryl Babe Wilson states the nearly simple life spent as a young child growing up in the tradition and ways of his people came to a sudden and tragic end when his mother’s life was taken by a large, commercial truck barreling down on the wrong side of an isolated highway while trying to gain speed. The engine had to produce more speed in order to produce money faster† (Wilson 170). When he and his siblings were not in school, they played a variety of games including: hide and seek, making soap bubbles, playing Stagecoach (where some of the children were passengers and others were â€Å"Indians†), running in the woods and swimming in the creeks. The boys tried to take rattlesnakes as their grandfather had. In those few moments, his world had directly intersected with the same unyielding, unforgiving, profit-driven force that has been chasing and decimating his people for more than 500 years. But the story starts much earlier than that. Although Darryl Wilson grew up in the mid-20th century, in many ways his life was no different. The father couldn’t raise his family, as the state officials removed Darryl and his siblings from their motherless home and placed them under the Jurisdiction of the state. They â€Å"were now relocatable property of the State of California† (94). After years of being moved from one foster home to another, Darryl was turned over to Juvenile authorities, placed into a lock-down facility, being allowed out of his cell only to go to school. His life had become reduced as the land that once â€Å"simply fed us† (85). His â€Å"life withered and turned a silent gray† (79). Wilson was allowed to go to school for one simple reason: education was, and still is, a major means by which the disenfranchised are dealt with. The film Even the Rain (Tamien La Lluvia) by Iciar Bollain, addresses the issue of oppression in the world country and the history ot global economics. The tilm takes place in Cochabamba, Bolivia, which depicts t conquest of Christopher Columbus. As Sebastian and Costa arrive to Cochabamba, Bolivia, they go into a moral crisis. As the riots in Cochabamba break out on the njustices as the water price arose by 300 percent, resulted in a violent protest against the government by the indigenous Indians and the citizenry of Cochabamba. Therefore, Bolivia who claimed their rights. Unfortunately, Sebastian and Costa engage the cheap Indian population in the minor role by the average daily income for the Indians was $2 dollars a day. Spanish imperialism through incidents taking place 500 years apart, while examining the personal belief systems of the members. Iciar Bollain focuses on the priests Bartolome De Las Casas and the oppression of the Indian population by the Spanish invadors. As Columbus realized the wealth and great prestige that the territories might bring, he got to a point to get obsessed with the gold. He then enslaved the natives to bring gold and if they didn’t bring enough gold, they would make them suffer. As Spain conquered the new world of gold 500 years later, water is gold which not much has changed. However, the movie reflects how the higher power not only in the past but the present still hurt these poor innocent people who only want to live. The movie shows how the Indies where being used by the higher power for the gold, which was by Christopher Columbus. The ovie Tambien la Lluvia, shows us how the Bolivian people whom are acting as the Indies are going through similar struggles by not being allowed to obtain â€Å"life† if strict rules aren’t followed. These people couldn’t afford water, in which it reflected life. This all reflects back on the past struggles of the Indies. Neither in the past or present could these people live without giving â€Å"non-obtainable† profits to the higher power without suffering the consequences of life and death. This movie showed me that something as small as water that we as Americans take for granted is something as precious as a life in another country. After seeing these people struggle and fght for the ability to Just obtain rain water hurt me to see. These people risked there Jobs, there city, and even their life’s Just, so they could freely get rain water. I honestly would never think something ridiculous like this could be happening in a third world country where these people don’t even make a quarter of what most of us make working a part time Jobs. This movies shows us how something like a title of government or power can ruin the lives of millions. It’s hard to see how these people struggle and fght for something that shouldn’t have a price to, but nfortunately that is how life is in other countries. So what is shown in the movie Tambien la Lluvia, the reflection of struggles in the past and present in the South all because of the greed of higher power should be remembered. Just because it happened hundreds of years ago doesn’t mean that it’s not going on still. It might be different but the struggles shown by the people in Bolivia for life and water should show us that nothing should be taken for granted. Just the way the people in the film do, after all theyre only fighting to survive with water that shouldn’t have a price on. Everything in life has a price, but life it’s self shouldn’t. For the past several years, there has been an on going movement to liberate the large population of farmers in Mexico. These farmers are fighting to win back their pro-claimed rights to their farm land. In the world today the emphasis on human rights is strong, this is why the Zapatistas have gained so much attention. In Noam Chomskys â€Å"The Zapatista Uprising Pront Over People,† notes that â€Å"We are the product ot 500 years ot struggle. † (Chomsky 1) As the Zapatistas declaration of war stated, â€Å"The struggle today s for work, land, housing, food, health care, education, independence, freedom, democracy, Justice, and peace. † (Chomsky 1). Over 17,000 people are in hiding away from the land that they could be using as income for themselves as well as the Mexican government. Mexico’s government is trying to come a major player in the world stock market, so why not help themselves by increasing the amount of exports that could be coming from the country by allowing the Zapatistas back onto their land. Furthermore, it reflects very poorly on a country when they have 17,000 people who are refugees in their own country. It simply does not make senses for the government to not allow the Zapatistas back on their land. Who is going to want to do business with a country who cant even find peace within itself? I support the Zapatistas in their movement because I believe human rights are a very import factor in upholding a country. People should be allowed to live off the land in which they were born to. It is not Just for some political fgure to say, â€Å"No you cannot live here anymore, find somewhere else to live. † Peace must be found in order to stabilize Mexico and to do this the Zapatistas must be given back their land. How to cite English Life, Papers

English Life Free Essays

The and Adventures of Native Americans In the story The Morning the Sun Went Down, Darryl Babe Wilson discusses his personal Journey as a 20th century as an Indian living within and without the dominant American society. The documentary film Even the Rain by Iciar Bollain is about the issue of oppression in the world county and the history of global economics. However, the movie overlaps with not only the production of what is being filmed in the movie, but also as the struggle that the Bolivian people had with the government and water. We will write a custom essay sample on English Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now The people are being overcharged for their water, even the rain water was not permitted to be obtained. Noam Chomsky, author of â€Å"The Zapatista Uprising Profit Over People,† states how the signing of the NAFTA resulted in a big problem for the indigenous people in Mexico. The Zapatista rebellion in Chiapas, Mexico and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in the United States and Mexico were eliminated, including labor and environmental services. The film A Century of Genocide in Americas: The Residential School Experience is about how Native American children were taken from their parents, ere forcedly sexually abused and were sent to residential schools in Canada and the United States because of their race. Each of these authors suffered In The Morning the Sun Went Down, author Darryl Babe Wilson states the nearly simple life spent as a young child growing up in the tradition and ways of his people came to a sudden and tragic end when his mother’s life was taken by a large, commercial truck barreling down on the wrong side of an isolated highway while trying to gain speed. The engine had to produce more speed in order to produce money faster† (Wilson 170). When he and his siblings were not in school, they played a variety of games including: hide and seek, making soap bubbles, playing Stagecoach (where some of the children were passengers and others were â€Å"Indians†), running in the woods and swimming in the creeks. The boys tried to take rattlesnakes as their grandfather had. In those few moments, his world had directly intersected with the same unyielding, unforgiving, profit-driven force that has been chasing and decimating his people for more than 500 years. But the story starts much earlier than that. Although Darryl Wilson grew up in the mid-20th century, in many ways his life was no different. The father couldn’t raise his family, as the state officials removed Darryl and his siblings from their motherless home and placed them under the Jurisdiction of the state. They â€Å"were now relocatable property of the State of California† (94). After years of being moved from one foster home to another, Darryl was turned over to Juvenile authorities, placed into a lock-down facility, being allowed out of his cell only to go to school. His life had become reduced as the land that once â€Å"simply fed us† (85). His â€Å"life withered and turned a silent gray† (79). Wilson was allowed to go to school for one simple reason: education was, and still is, a major means by which the disenfranchised are dealt with. The film Even the Rain (Tamien La Lluvia) by Iciar Bollain, addresses the issue of oppression in the world country and the history ot global economics. The tilm takes place in Cochabamba, Bolivia, which depicts t conquest of Christopher Columbus. As Sebastian and Costa arrive to Cochabamba, Bolivia, they go into a moral crisis. As the riots in Cochabamba break out on the njustices as the water price arose by 300 percent, resulted in a violent protest against the government by the indigenous Indians and the citizenry of Cochabamba. Therefore, Bolivia who claimed their rights. Unfortunately, Sebastian and Costa engage the cheap Indian population in the minor role by the average daily income for the Indians was $2 dollars a day. Spanish imperialism through incidents taking place 500 years apart, while examining the personal belief systems of the members. Iciar Bollain focuses on the priests Bartolome De Las Casas and the oppression of the Indian population by the Spanish invadors. As Columbus realized the wealth and great prestige that the territories might bring, he got to a point to get obsessed with the gold. He then enslaved the natives to bring gold and if they didn’t bring enough gold, they would make them suffer. As Spain conquered the new world of gold 500 years later, water is gold which not much has changed. However, the movie reflects how the higher power not only in the past but the present still hurt these poor innocent people who only want to live. The movie shows how the Indies where being used by the higher power for the gold, which was by Christopher Columbus. The ovie Tambien la Lluvia, shows us how the Bolivian people whom are acting as the Indies are going through similar struggles by not being allowed to obtain â€Å"life† if strict rules aren’t followed. These people couldn’t afford water, in which it reflected life. This all reflects back on the past struggles of the Indies. Neither in the past or present could these people live without giving â€Å"non-obtainable† profits to the higher power without suffering the consequences of life and death. This movie showed me that something as small as water that we as Americans take for granted is something as precious as a life in another country. After seeing these people struggle and fght for the ability to Just obtain rain water hurt me to see. These people risked there Jobs, there city, and even their life’s Just, so they could freely get rain water. I honestly would never think something ridiculous like this could be happening in a third world country where these people don’t even make a quarter of what most of us make working a part time Jobs. This movies shows us how something like a title of government or power can ruin the lives of millions. It’s hard to see how these people struggle and fght for something that shouldn’t have a price to, but nfortunately that is how life is in other countries. So what is shown in the movie Tambien la Lluvia, the reflection of struggles in the past and present in the South all because of the greed of higher power should be remembered. Just because it happened hundreds of years ago doesn’t mean that it’s not going on still. It might be different but the struggles shown by the people in Bolivia for life and water should show us that nothing should be taken for granted. Just the way the people in the film do, after all theyre only fighting to survive with water that shouldn’t have a price on. Everything in life has a price, but life it’s self shouldn’t. For the past several years, there has been an on going movement to liberate the large population of farmers in Mexico. These farmers are fighting to win back their pro-claimed rights to their farm land. In the world today the emphasis on human rights is strong, this is why the Zapatistas have gained so much attention. In Noam Chomskys â€Å"The Zapatista Uprising Pront Over People,† notes that â€Å"We are the product ot 500 years ot struggle. † (Chomsky 1) As the Zapatistas declaration of war stated, â€Å"The struggle today s for work, land, housing, food, health care, education, independence, freedom, democracy, Justice, and peace. † (Chomsky 1). Over 17,000 people are in hiding away from the land that they could be using as income for themselves as well as the Mexican government. Mexico’s government is trying to come a major player in the world stock market, so why not help themselves by increasing the amount of exports that could be coming from the country by allowing the Zapatistas back onto their land. Furthermore, it reflects very poorly on a country when they have 17,000 people who are refugees in their own country. It simply does not make senses for the government to not allow the Zapatistas back on their land. Who is going to want to do business with a country who cant even find peace within itself? I support the Zapatistas in their movement because I believe human rights are a very import factor in upholding a country. People should be allowed to live off the land in which they were born to. It is not Just for some political fgure to say, â€Å"No you cannot live here anymore, find somewhere else to live. † Peace must be found in order to stabilize Mexico and to do this the Zapatistas must be given back their land. How to cite English Life, Papers

It All Begins With Attitude Essays - Social Psychology, Attitude

It All Begins With Attitude IT ALL BEGINS WITH ATTITUDE from the seminar BREAKING THROUGH LIFE'S BOUNDARIES by Pat Spithill Seminar Leader * Author * Keynote Speaker (C) Copyright, 1989, Pat Spithill P.O. Box 505 * Hutchins, Texas 75141 214-225-8051 This material may not be reproduced or altered without written permission of the author and copyright holder. The Importance of Attitude The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines the word "attitude" as "a mental position or feeling with regard to an object." The mental positions or feelings are our thoughts, beliefs and opinions. The object is life. In other words, attitudes encompass all of the thoughts, beliefs and opinions which people have about their lives. Over 2500 years ago, Buddha said, "All that we are is the result of what we have thought; it is founded on our thoughts. If a man speaks or acts with pure thought, happiness follows him, like a shadow that never leaves him." Buddha also said, "It is a man's own mind - not his enemy or his foe that lures him into evil ways." A person's attitude, what Buddha was speaking of, is the very foundation on which his or her life's experience has been, is, and will be built. Every part of reality is the result of a person's attitudes. In simple terms, our attitudes reflect what we expect from life. This shouldn't be confused with what we want, dream or hope for. No one wants to be unhappy, lead a boring life or look back over the years with remorse and regret. Yet, so often rather than expecting the best life has to offer, people expect much the opposite. They expect problems and get problems; expect disappointments and are disappointed; expect to fail and then, rather than experience the desired success, they fail. If attitudes are the mental expectations about jobs, relationships, financial status and so on, then these very powerful thoughts must be the elements which set the course for our lives and destiny. It isn't life's circumstances which create the attitudes; it's the attitudes which create life's circumstances. When people change their expectations and attitudes, then their lives must surely change as well. I know a gentleman who, in the late 1960's, worked as a repossessor of logging trucks. If you will, create a mental image of a person who walks up to burly truck drivers and says, "I have to either have a payment or the keys, whichever you want." I would picture someone about 6'3" and 220 pounds of solid muscle. As it happens, Jim Cathcart is 5'9", rather slender and not the muscular type. People who repossess cars, foreclose homes, or work for collection agencies tend to be negative thinkers. However, one day Jim heard a radio program with a message about the power of positive expectations. He changed his attitudes and began planning for and expecting an exciting success filled future. Today, Jim Cathcart is an internationally recognized leader in the field of sales and management seminars and consulting. Jim has written eight books, is the co-author of Relationship Strategies, an all time top selling audio cassette program from Nightingale-Conant, and is one of the highest paid professionals in his business. And all because he expected to succeed, he expected the best life could provide. This article about building the foundation for your life on the concrete blocks of a positive attitude will cover four things: the source of attitudes; the difference between directive attitudes and reactive attitudes, how the word HALT can help you maintain and strengthen positive attitudes, and specific skills and techniques for building expectations for a wonderful and exciting life. Attitudes - Directive or Reactive Most people fail to ever consciously take control of their lives, living at the mercy of the prevailing winds of fate. Their attitudes are reactive in nature rather than directive. These people constantly respond to changing conditions rather than creating situations which suit their purposes. If you were to lose your job today, how would you react? What emotions would you feel? Would you be angry, incensed, hurt, disappointed? Would you go home, feel terrible and beat-up on yourself for hours on end? A little over a year ago, just before my wonderful wife Jan and I relocated to the Dallas area from Denver, the company for which she worked went through what can only be called disastrous changes. Over the course of four months, the firm laid- off 90% of its work force, approximately 85 people. Due to decreasing revenues, it

Downloading the software essays

Downloading the software essays Finding a software on the internet saves your time and money because it is free. In order to do it you must have an access to the internet (internet is the international computer network linking together thousands of individual networks of computers). Before you download anything I would suggest you to create a Temporary Files folder by opening Windows Explorer, highlighting your hard drive (typically the c: drive), then selecting File/New/Folder. When the folder appears, name it for example: Temporary Files. It will keep some kind of order in your computer. First step to downloading is that you have to enter the internet by opening the internet browser. The most common browser is Internet Explorer. To open it you have double click on its icon, which is on your computers desktop. Than type in the adress of the browser page that you are familiar with (for example: www.yahoo.com) in the field marked "adress". Next step is the most important in the whole process. In the search field, you have to type in the name of the software that you are looking for, avoid misspeling the words. Sometimes the problem is that you do not know the programms name. In that case you have to describe your needs in the same search field; furthermore, try to use as less words that you can. Also, you have to be very precise. When you entered the programs name or your description simply click on "search". Now your browser should provide a list of links where you can find what you are looking for. Under every link there is a short description of the site where it takes you. Sometimes the list is very long and you might find yourself confused with the choice. It is not a rule, but in most of the cases the top results are most accurate; moreover, you should start checking them from the first position. If it is not what you are looking for, go back by clicking on arrow pointed left and try another link. Once you locate the page with the software you wan...

Savoir Is About Certainty, So No French Subjunctive

Savoir Is About Certainty, So No French Subjunctive The French verb  savoir (to know) does not take the subjunctive. Very often used with que  to introduce a dependent clause, savoir and savoir que are all about certainty. Thus, they do not fulfill the subjunctives basic requirement of uncertainty and emotion. The subjunctive  mood  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain: will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity, judgment. The French subjunctive  is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced by  que  or  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different. Savoir Savoir  means to know information and facts or to know how to do something. In the  passà © composà ©,  savoir  means to learn or to find out, again with no  subjunctive. (The verb  is quite different from the French verb  connaà ®tre,  which means  to know  a person or to be familiar with a person or thing.)      Je sais oà ¹ il est.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I know where he is.      Je sais  conduire.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I know how to drive.  Ã‚  Ã‚  (The conjugated  savoir  is followed by an infinitive when the meaning is to know how.) Savoir Que Savoir que is the conjugated savoir  plus a dependent clause beginning with que.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Je sais quil la fait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I know he did it.      Jai su quil la fait.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I found out that he did it. Savoir que is not normally used in negative and interrogative statements; its far more natural to use a  si clause in such cases, which means, once again, that the  subjunctive is not used:      Je ne sais pas si vous avez raison.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I dont know if youre right.      Sais-tu sil a raison ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do you know if hes right? Additional Resources The Subjunctivator!Quiz: Subjunctive or indicative?Conjugate savoir

Changing Roles of Worker Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Changing Roles of Worker - Assignment Example The article written by Lauren Keller Johnson (2006) entitled Are you getting the most from your knowledge workers? discussed relevant issues pertaining to managing knowledge workers. According to Serrat (2008), knowledge worker is unique and distinct as this type is described as â€Å"someone who is employed because of his or her knowledge of a subject matter, rather than ability to perform manual labor. They perform best when empowered to make the most of their deepest skills† (1). Davenport provided an accurate definition of knowledge workers as â€Å"those who create knowledge, such as product development engineers, or whose use of knowledge is a dominant aspect of their work, such as financial auditors. One aspect of work that has changed is that users and creators of knowledge are more likely to be the same people† (Wagner, 2002, par. 5). Serrat averred that with knowledge workers, managing entails knowledge managers and not bosses where leadership skills and styles are exercised. The changing role from boss to player/coach is hereby assessed. A player/coach role was identified by Davenport as manifesting eight key trends, to wit: (1) doing work from overseeing it; (2) organizing communities against hierarchies; (3) understanding rather than imposing work designs and methods; (4) a focus on recruiting and retaining versus hiring and firing employees; (5) building knowledge rather than manual skills; (6) evaluating invisible versus visible performance achievements; (7) building knowledge friendly culture as against totally ignoring culture; and (8) a focus on supporting rather than fending off bureaucracy (Wagner, 2002, 1 cited Davenport, 2001). Most organizations rarely acknowledge that their financial auditors, product development engineers, or customer relations professional are knowledge workers who can

Tapit Wordlwide Professional Job Search System Essay

Tapit Wordlwide Professional Job Search System - Essay Example In fact, most of the online recruitment forms receive the information online. But, it has been seen that the information has not been used in a discreet manner. There has been a lot of leakage of the information to various sources. This has led to tremendous loss for the applicants. The consumers cannot be sure about the privacy of the supplied information. It has been observed that there have been a lot of instances of spamming in a number of areas. This has led to the blocking of the inbox by unwanted mails. There have been question marks over the credibility of the website over the data being supplied from multiple sources. So, the customers have not been provided with the necessary information about the legitimate job openings. There are instances in this case where the filled in jobs have not been removed from list of available jobs. This leads to a lot of instances to a lead that had not been active, but was still showing on the job boards. This was against the promise of the company that it was posting fresh jobs. It also created unnecessary problems for the job seekers by providing them with unnecessary type of information. It was also against the promises of the company. This was the factors that led to the negation of promises made by the company about the type of services being provided. Tapit Professional Worldwide job search system allows the upload of any resumes by the users. This leads to a two pronged problem. First, the users do not get access to the specified kind of jobs. Secondly, there is a lack of understanding of the proper kind of the applicants. There is also an issue being faced by the companies that had uploaded the requirements. It ends to overload the number of applications, leading to a number of false applications for any job. This also creates problems for the companies that have done the postings. So, it can be seen that Tapit Worldwide Professional Job

Cesare Lombroso :: criminology

Cesare Lombroso was an Italian university professor and criminologist, born in Nov. 6, 1835, in Verona, who became worldwide renowned for his studies and theories in the field of characterology, or the relation between mental and physical characteristics. Lombroso tried to relate certain physical characteristics, such as jaw size, to criminal psychopathology, or the innate tendency of individuals toward sociopathy and criminal behavior. As such, Lombroso's approach is a direct descendant of phrenology, created by the German physician Franz Joseph Gall in the beginning of the nineteenth century, and closely related to other fields of characterology, such as craniology and physiognomy. His theory has been scientically discredited, but Lombroso had the merit of bringing up the importance of the scientific studies of the criminal mind, a field which became known as criminal anthropology. Lombroso studied at the universities of Padua, Vienna, and Paris, and was later (1862-1876) a professor of psychiatry at the University of Pavia and of forensic medicine and hygiene (1876), psychiatry (1896) and criminal anthropology (1906) at the University of Turin. He was also the director of a mental asylum in Pesaro, Italy. Lombroso's main idea was partly inspired by the evolutionary and genetical studies at the end of the nineteenth century, and proposed that certain criminals had physical evidence of an "atavistic" (reappearance of characteristics which were present only in distant ascendants) or hereditary sort, reminiscent of earlier, more primitive stages of human evolution. These anomalies, named as stigmata by Lombroso, could be expressed in terms of abnormal forms or dimensions of the skull and jaw, assymmetries in the face, etc, but also of other parts of the body. These associations were later shown to be highly inconsistent or plainly inexistent, and theories based on the environmental causation of criminality became dominant.

Is Summer Reading Really Necessary? Essay

Towards the end of the School year many students begin to look forward to their 3 month Summer vacation. It’s the time where they can hang out with friends, laugh and catch up with some sleep. One thing students don’t look forward to is an 8 letter word that makes them sough, homework. The Summer Reading in Port Richmond High School requires students to read 2 books and create a journal for each one. Some students believe Summer Reading is necessary while others don’t. School Librarian, Mrs. Makler said â€Å"I believe [Summer Reading] is important [because it will] keep the students mind engaged during the Summer. †   While one student who chose to remain anonymous said â€Å"It’s completely unnecessary, that’s why we have school, it’s my summer vacation, it’s time to relax and vacate. Not time to do homework. † When students were asked if they did their Summer Reading some answers were very surprising while others seemed reasonable. â€Å"[I did my homework] because I had no choice and wouldn’t be able to pass the test when they give it in the beginning of the school year† said Aida Sproul from the Leader Ship house. Aisha E. Carson, a Gateway senior also replied saying â€Å"No, I had a summer job and I was more focused on that [and less] on books that were uninteresting. †Ã‚  There were few students who simply said they â€Å"had no money†. However when reminded that the libraries were open every day and money wasn’t a problem. One student replied â€Å"If I have no money for a book, what makes you think I have money for a metro card† while another replied â€Å"I was too lazy some days and too busy on the days I wasn’t†Whether financial or not there were other excuse to why students didn’t read their books. I only read a part of the book because it didn’t interest me at all. I read the first few pages and closed the book† said a Gateway senior. Another student mentioned how they disliked the Summer Reading because they wanted to read a book that they wanted to. Quadry Bellow and Aisha Carson seem to agree with a similar concept that the gateway senior has. What if students chose the books that they wanted to read? Will more students do their reading or will the statistics remain the same it is now? Quadry Bellow believes â€Å"If [students] picked their own books they would actually read it. It would make it fun† and that he believed â€Å"education and fun go great together. † Aisha E. Carson also agrees by saying â€Å"Yes, students will probably read their books but it can’t be anything immature or stupid. A student from the TV and Media arts department seems to disagree with both their opinions. She believes â€Å"If student’s picked their own books then that’s about 30 to 50 different books that are being read in each English class. How will teachers possibly give out their tests? The kids who chose to not do [their summer reading] obviously don’t care about their grades. If they don’t want to read the book, they should at least go to Sparknotes or Cliffnotes and make some type of effort toward their grade. †    Now while some students may not want to hear it Summer Reading is indeed necessary and very important. Like the students said before, when you do your Summer Reading it will start you off with a great grade in your English class and increase your reading abilities. Based on a three year study at the Dominican University graduate school of Library and Information studies, students who took part in their Summer Reading program improved their reading skills. Also a New York University sociology professor, who spent two years following 3,000 sixth and seventh graders in Atlanta Public Schools, found that children who read at least six books during the summer maintained or improved their reading skills opposed to students who didn’t do any. She also found that students who spent time reading were able to increase vocabulary test scores. Now you may not be 6th or 7th graders but the statistics still apply to you. According to the John Hopkins Center for Summer Learning, statistics show that students can lose up to 25 percent of their summer reading. The Learning center also mentions how â€Å"A conservative estimate of lost instructional time is approximately two months or roughly 22 percent of the school year†¦ It’s common for teachers to spend at least a month re-teaching material that students have forgotten over the summer. That month of re-teaching eliminates a month that could have been spent on teaching new information and skills. †   It’s also been said that students who read actively develop higher-order thinking skills, literary skills, life-long reading habits that continue to their adulthoods, and they engage in class discussions more often. Summer reading is very important and crucial. It would be wise to complete your summer reading so your grades can be the highest it can. Read a chapter a day and it will be over before you know it. | |

Truman s Choice Was A Good One - 989 Words

On August 6, 1945, a bomb with the force of 20,000 tons of TNT, was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later a similar bomb was dropped on the city Nagasaki. Both cities were effectively eradicated and so was there people. Six days after that, Japan surrendered, thus ending World War II. Americans supported the action of Truman, that is until they saw the images of the destructive power of the bomb. The horrific images showing the victims of radiation and of burns that are caused by the force of the sun. As the Christian Century writes â€Å"What the use of poison gas did to the reputation of Germany in World war I, the use of the atomic bomb has done for the reputation of the United States in World War II.† The people of America began to question is Truman’s choice was a good one. Could have there been a different way to end the war without using Nuclear force? After six years of war, Germany finally surrendered. This did not mean that Japan would too. 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